27/04/2024

27 April: South Africa's Freedom Day

 

South Africa celebrates 'Freedom Day', 30 years after the end of apartheid, with mixed feelings


In 2024, South Africas are celebrating their first multiracial elections from 1994, and the advent of democracy. But the legacy of Nelson Mandela's party seems poorer than ever, and many call for change while young people seem to have lost faith in elections.


People attend Freedom Day celebrations in Pretoria, South Africa [Themba Hadebe/AP]


On 27 April 1994, after a historic election, Nelson Mandela was elected president, and the country turned the page on the apartheid years.

Freedom Day is now a public holiday in South Africa celebrated on 27 April, to
commemorate the first post-apartheid elections and the day the new constitution was introduced.

It is also a moment to honour the "unsung heroes and heroines who fought for freedom and paved the way for an equal, representative, non-racial nation", the government says.

The day means a lot for South Africans, including for the ones living abroad.

"For me Freedom means Transformation", one the representative of the Democratic Alliance (DA) party in France, Mary Paccard, told me.

This year, 27 April marks the 30th anniversary of South Africa’s first democratic elections.

The government decided to take a whole month, in April, to "reflect on the progress made over our democratic journey thus far and consider how we can further strengthen our democracy."


From progress to decline

Since April 1994, Mandela's party, the ANC has remained in power.

The economy has continued to develop, and the country is now one of the most industrialised on the continent.

One of ANC's most striking successes is the introduction of a minimum wage.

South Africa's social benefit system is among the most developed on the continent, and a lifeline for the poorest: almost 30 percent of the population benefits from it, not counting the post-Covid aid still distributed.

But, despite progress, South Africa remains one of the most unequal countries in the world, according to the Gini index.

But from 2012, the South African economy made very little progress, with a significant decline in growth.

The "rainbow nation" envisioned by Mandela is nowadays afflicted by poverty, inequality, corruption and crime.

Jobs are scarce, and many young people get sucked into crime.


Election year

For all these reasons, the ANC is losing momentum.

As South Africans are called for general elections on 29 May, the party could for the first time since coming to power 30 years ago lose its absolute majority in Parliament.

The same goes for the eight regions out of nine that the party governs in the country so far.

So, many observers expect a potential coalition government.

On 13 April, the organisation Defend Our Democracy organised a conference in Johannesburg to discuss the best way to approach possible future negotiations.

If the leaders of ANC still claim they can win a majority, other parties are getting organised. 

Meanwhile, one of the main challenges will be for parties to convince young voters to believe in democracy again, as their parents had with the end of apartheid.



26/04/2024

More reaction on the UK migrant deal: from Rwanda

 

My latest for RFI:

UK - RWANDA

Rwandan opposition deplores UK deportation deal as 'modern slavery'

A British law to send unwanted migrants to Rwanda, which passed this week after months of wrangling, has generated fierce criticism at home and abroad. In Rwanda, opponents of the longtime president say the country is unfit to host asylum seekers – while accusing the UK of outsourcing its responsibilities.

Read the story on RFI English from here: https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20240426-rwandan-opposition-deplores-uk-deportation-deal-as-modern-slavery



Staff stand at the reception at Hope Hostel, which is getting ready to host asylum seekers deported from the United Kingdom, in Kigali, Rwanda, on 24 April 2024. © AFP / GUILLEM SARTORIO


Read the story on RFI English from here: https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20240426-rwandan-opposition-deplores-uk-deportation-deal-as-modern-slavery




French university students also protest for Palestine

 

Students have blocked access to Paris’ Sciences Po university in a protest over the war in Gaza, demanding the institution condemn Israel’s actions. 

The demonstration echoes student protests taking place in the US, where multiple arrests of students have been made on campuses.



Demonstrators hold posters reading "dismantle colonial borders" as students occupy a building of the Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po Paris) in support of Palestinians, in Paris on April 26, 2024. A few dozen students stay mobilized in support of Palestinians occupying a new building at Sciences Po Paris since April 25, 2024, evening, the day after police evacuated another of the school's sites, in the wake of actions at American universities.

Dimitar DILKOFF / AFP




25/04/2024

What's in the UK-Rwanda migrant deal NGOs and top UN officials decry?


 

British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak promised on Monday to start sending asylum seekers to Rwanda after parliament passed much-delayed legislation to facilitate the deportation of those arriving in Britain without permission. The plan however is deemed risky and rejected by a large array of human rights actors.


Melissa Chemam




Britain's Prime Minister Rishi Sunak welcomes Rwandan President Paul Kagame
outside 10 Downing Street in London, Britain, on 9 April 2024.


Official figures put 2022 annual net migration to Britain at a record of 745,000, and Sunak has set out a series of measures to cut legal migration by 300,000.

Figures show more than 80,000 asylum applications remain to be decided.

Now that the bill has passed into law, the government wants to start detaining asylum seekers, before scheduling deportation from the month of July.


How the plan came about 

The scheme was first agreed in April 2022 by then Prime Minister Boris Johnson, to send anyone who arrived in Britain illegally to Rwanda, some 6,400 km away.

However, the first deportation flight in June 2022 was blocked by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR).

The UK Supreme Court then upheld a ruling and said that the scheme was unlawful because migrants were at risk of being sent back to their homelands or to other countries where they would be at risk of mistreatment.

The new conservative leader Rishi Sunak made his pledge to "stop the boats" one of his top five priorities, as soon as he became prime minister in late 2022.

Britain is spending more than 3 billion pounds a year on processing asylum applications, he insisted, with the cost of housing migrants awaiting a decision in hotels and other accommodation running at about 8 million pounds a day.

Taking back control of Britain's borders and ending the free movement of people into the country was a major factor that led to the 2016 vote for Britain to leave the European Union.

Polls show it remains one of the most important issues for British voters.


How the plan would work

    Sunak promised on Monday to start sending asylum seekers to Rwanda within 10 to 12 weeks.

    He said an airfield was on standby, slots were booked for flights, 500 staff were ready to escort migrants and courts had been reserved to process appeals.

    The deportation would concern those arriving in Britain without permission, from any country.

    The UK Home secretary James Cleverly, on a visit in Lampedusa in Italy on Thursday, said the UK intends to deport asylum seekers to Rwanda “indefinitely”.

    No deportation has been taking place yet, but Britain has already paid Rwanda more than 200 million pounds.

    To resettle some 300 refugees could cost more than 600 million pounds.

    The National Audit Office said in a report the scheme could surpass £580m by 2030.

    Some 50,000 people could potentially be sent to Rwanda, but it remains unclear how many people the country can actually take.

    Rwandan President Paul Kagame said he is "pleased" by the move, his government's spokeswoman said on 23 April 2024.

    In Kigali, the Hope Hostel is getting ready to welcome the first migrants from the UK.

    Yet the move will most likely trigger further legal challenges by charities, campaigners and unions who argue that Rwanda is not a safe destination.

    And the ECHR could again issue orders to block deportation flights.


    Strong risks

    Many UN agencies warned that the plan threatened the rule of law and set "a perilous precedent globally".

    They urged the UK to instead "take practical measures to address irregular flows of refugees and migrants, based on international cooperation and respect for international human rights law".

    The human rights watchdog of the Council of Europe, which Britain is still a member of, has condemned Sunak’s Rwanda scheme, saying it raises 'major issues about the human rights of asylum seekers and the rule of law.'"

    The Refugee council published an⁩ analysis on Thursday showing the scheme is causing a system meltdown and will leave 100,000 people in limbo.

    Even if the UK government was successful in flying 2,000 people to Rwanda by the end of year, a further 115,575 asylum seekers would be left stranded in the UK, the report states.

    Even in Rwanda, major doubts have emerged.

    One of the rare opponents to President Paul Kagame, Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza, told me that she thinks the deal equates to "modern slavery"...

    (More on this tomorrow on RFI English)


    'Expensive way to be cruel'

    In the UK, the Green Party totally opposes the bill. It is “an incredibly expensive way to be cruel”, the co-leader Carla Denyer said.

    Sending refugees to Rwanda, or anywhere else, will never be an effective solution, also warns International Rescue Committee (IRC).

    "Rather than outsourcing its responsibilities under international law, we urge the government to abandon this misguided plan and instead focus on delivering a more humane and orderly immigration system at home," Denisa Delić, Director of Advocacy, at IRC UK, said.

    "This includes scaling up safe routes, such as resettlement and family reunion, and upholding the right to seek asylum," she added. "Sending refugees to Rwanda, or anywhere else, will never be an effective solution.”

    "It is a dark day in the United Kingdom," Human Rights Watch responded in a report. "This will have a devastating impact on human rights and the rule of law, risking the lives of people who came to the UK seeking safety and setting a dangerous global precedent."

    The Care4Calais charity has previously challenged the policy and said it would work tirelessly to block any flights, seeking to reassure migrants in Britain.

    "They can be assured that Care4Calais will not only stand in solidarity with them, we are absolutely committed to fighting for their safety here in the UK," their head Steve Smith said in a statement.

     


    23/04/2024

    Mass graves at two Gaza hospitals

     

    UN rights chief ‘horrified’ by reports of mass graves at two Gaza hospitals

    Spokesperson says some bodies allegedly had their hands tied while others were bound and stripped


    The UN human rights chief, Volker Türk, has said he was “horrified” by reports of mass graves containing hundreds of bodies at two of Gaza’s largest hospitals.

    Palestinian civil defence teams began exhuming bodies from a mass grave outside the Nasser hospital complex in Khan Younis last week after Israeli troops withdrew.

    “We feel the need to raise the alarm because clearly there have been multiple bodies discovered,” said Ravina Shamdasani, spokesperson for the UN high commissioner for human rights.

    She described bodies “buried deep in the ground and covered with waste”, adding that “among the deceased were allegedly older people, women and wounded”, including some bound and stripped of their clothes.



    Senegal's new leader calls for a rethink of the country's relationship with the EU

     


    Senegal's new leader Bassirou Diomaye Faye has called for a rethink of the country's relationship with the EU during a visit by European Council President Charles Michel.




    Faye, who was inaugurated as president on 2 April, was elected on pledges of radical reform and promises to restore national "sovereignty" over key industries.

    Speaking at a joint press conference with Michel on Monday night, Faye said cooperation between Senegal and Europe was "dense and multifaceted, but together we want a rethought, renovated partnership", one "capable of supporting the innovative dynamic we want to imprint on our relations".

     As part of his promised reforms, Faye recently announced the renegotiation of oil and gas contracts, and hopes to do the same with fishing agreements signed with the European Union.

    Fishing is a significant part of Senegal's economy, but the industry is grappling with the effects of overexploitation of marine stocks.

    Improvements for both sides

    Michel said the two parties "should not dread" broaching difficult subjects if it meant "bringing about improvements for both sides", pointing to the fisheries issue in particular.

    Faye said his government would pursue a model of boosting development from within, focusing on agriculture, livestock and fishing, while also strengthening infrastructure such as railways, electrical grids, telecommunications and roads.

    "European investors whose companies have recognised skills in these different sectors are welcome," he added.

    Michel said Europe had an "objective interest in Senegal being able to meet the challenges of development, economic emergence and improvement of the living conditions of the people".

    "The world order is the result of political choices that were made in the last century in a totally different world", which is why the European Union "supports more justice and more inclusion", Michel said.

    (with AFP)

    -


    Read more African news on RFI English



    22/04/2024

    Mass graves found at southern Gaza hospital raided by Israeli forces

     

    We can see that most Western media are avoiding this piece of information...

    Yet AFP reported on it and had many photos. I published an article on RFI's website, as I was the editor when AFP announced that over 50 bodies were found.

    Al Jazeera reports on the story further, mentioning hundreds of bodies:



    Search teams in Gaza say they've uncovered hundreds of bodies in the grounds of Nasser Medical Complex in the city of Khan Younis. 

    The hospital was raided by Israeli forces before their recent withdrawal from the area.

    What will Westerners say in a few weeks if evidence mounts? 



    On Haiti and France

     

    Haitian groups seek billions in reparations from France


    GENEVA, April 18 (Reuters) - France should repay billions of dollars in reparations to Haiti to cover a debt formerly enslaved people were forced to pay in return for recognising the island's independence, a coalition of civil society groups said on Thursday.
    The Caribbean island became the first in the region to win its independence in 1804 after a revolt by enslaved people. But in a move that many Haitians blame for two centuries of turmoil, France later imposed harsh reparations for lost income and that debt was only fully repaid in 1947.
    The group of around 20 non-governmental organisations currently in Geneva for a U.N. Permanent Forum on People of African Descent (PFPAD) are seeking a new independent commission to oversee the restitution of the debt, which they refer to as a ransom.
    They say the money should go to public works in Haiti where a transition council was installed this month in an effort to restore security after a period of devastating violence by armed groups.
    "What's important is that it's time that France recognises this and we move forward," Monique Clesca, a Haitian civil society activist who is coordinating the efforts, told Reuters.
    The French Foreign Ministry did not immediately respond to a request for comment. France, whose development agency has given hundreds of millions of dollars to Haiti, has previously referred to a "moral debt" owed to Haiti.
    The amount paid to France is disputed by historians although the New York Times, opens new tab estimated Haiti's loss at $21 billion. The proposal's backers say the amount is much higher. 
    "It's $21 billion plus 200 years of interest that France has enjoyed so we're talking more like $150 billion, $200 billion or more," said Jemima Pierre, professor of Global Race at the University of British Columbia.
     Clesca said she hoped the recommendation and others would be part of the U.N. forum's conclusions due Friday. Last year, the PFPAD suggested that a tribunal should be formed to address reparations for slavery. 
    The campaign for paying reparations or making other amends for slavery has a long history and has been gaining momentum worldwide.

     (Reuters) 

    -


    Cruel and deadly weekend for Palestinians

     




    Photos: AFP


    Our articles at RFI: 

    ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR

    Gaza officials say at least 50 bodies exhumed at hospital in Khan Yunis

    Gaza's civil defence said Sunday health workers had uncovered at least 50 bodies of people killed and buried by Israeli forces at a hospital in the southern city of Khan Yunis.

    More than 14 Palestinians killed as violence flares in West Bank

    Israeli forces killed 14 Palestinians during a raid in the occupied West Bank on Saturday, while an ambulance driver was killed as he went to pick up wounded from a separate attack by violent Jewish settlers, Palestinian authorities said.


    And on the backdrop of the Gaza war:

    MIDDLE EAST CRISIS

    Iran's foreign minister downplays drone attack, as Gaza death toll reach 34,000

    Iran's foreign minister said Tehran was investigating an overnight attack on Iran, adding that so far a link to Israel had not been proven as he downplayed the strike.


    Deadly blast at Iraq army base amid Israel-Iran tensions

    Iraq's Popular Mobilisation Forces, an official security force, said its command post at Kalso military base about 50 km south of Baghdad was hit by a huge explosion late on Friday, and two security sources said it resulted from an air strike.

    -


    19/04/2024

    Update on Sudan: Now that money's been pledged for aid, what people really need...

     

    My latest on Sudan for RFI English, a year after the start of the war, and the growing needs of Sudanese people & refugees, with UNDP's representative in Sudan, Abdallah Dardari and Isabelle Coleman of USAID:


    'Why aid isn't a lasting solution for millions facing famine in war-torn Sudan'






    After a year of war, millions of people in Sudan are facing displacement, violence and hunger. While the world has pledged billions in aid, the United Nations says the crisis can only be solved if Sudanese people are given the means to rebuild and produce their own food again.


    By Melissa Chemam with RFI

    Internally displaced people and refugees are impacting the already fragile economies of Sudan and its neighbours.

    conference in Paris on Monday raised more than €2 billion in international pledges that come one year after the start of fighting between the Sudanese army and paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF).

    It's a conflict that has forced millions to flee and brought the population to the brink of famine. 

    Donor countries at the Paris event recognise the seriousness of Sudan's crisis and are genuine in their desire to take meaningful action, the UN Development Programme (UNDP)'s Abdallah Al Dardari, told RFI.

    They know the situation in Sudan will spillover and affect the entire region.

    "Investing in Sudan is actually a global public good. There is finally a sense of urgency on the issue," Al Dardari said.

    Urgent need for agriculture

    But emergency handouts will not offer a lasting solution. The UN needs to revive agriculture in Sudan and to bring back food production, jobs and incomes.

    "Forty percent of farmers in Sudan this year could not plant their seeds," Al Dardari said, adding that food security was a major obstacle.

    "There will not be a harvest next year, which means this is very serious."

    UNDP figures, meanwhile, show that 50 percent of salaried employees in Sudan have lost their incomes.

    Even if there was food available, half of the population would lack the money to buy it.

    "What we are suggesting is a comprehensive approach that takes into consideration the immediate humanitarian needs but also [the need] to bring back livelihoods," Al Dardari said.

    The logic is that investing in livelihoods will in turn reduce reliance on aid, and much of Sudan stands to benefit from the right sorts of investment.

    "If we produce food in Sudan today, and if we invest in local infrastructure, bring back the microfinance markets and allow farmers to buy their inputs and so on – in areas where safety and security allow for that – it will reduce the humanitarian burden," Al Dardari said.

    It would also signal to Sudanese that they aren't merely seen as victims of a human catastrophe, but as people with agency and with active voices.

    International pressure

    When fighting broke out on 15 April, 2023, most diplomats and aid workers left Sudan – effectively ceasing to serve those most vulnerable. 

    With the country on the brink of famine, the UN says it has been able to reach only 10 percent of Sudan's 48 million people.

    Those still working on the ground already see "children dying of malnutrition every day", said Isobel Coleman of USAID, the United States' international development agency.

    The international community has a role to play in stopping the fighting, she told RFI after attending the conference this week. 

    Conflicting parties must be brought back to the negotiating table, Coleman said, adding that a ceasefire would allow for full humanitarian aid access and avert an even more serious crisis. 

    "The sooner the better, because the suffering is immense. Most parts of the country are on the verge of famine," she said.

    The US is considering further sanctions against Sudanese commanders and hopes that other countries will do the same, according to Coleman. 

    She said she was optimistic about the reopening of peace talks, which are expected to resume in Saudi Arabia.

    "We don't yet have a precise date, but I hope that we will know soon so we can bring all the parties involved in this crisis around the table.

    "This is the only way to move forward."

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