Black British music history shines at new London V&A museum exhibition
Over 125 years of Black music-making in Britain is
highlighted at the first exhibition of the new V&A East museum in
Stratford, London, spanning continents, from Africa to the Caribbean,
North America and Britain. I went to the opening to explore how this
history still resonates.
The new exhibition shows not only how African and Afro-Caribbean
music infused British culture over the years, but also how it reflects
its society's multiculturalism today.
The V&A East is the new iteration of the world renowned Victoria & Albert Museum. It opened in the London
district of Stratford (where the Olympic Park emerged in 2012), on
Saturday 18 April, with a wealth of guests, journalists and curators.
The inaugural exhibition, titled 'The Music is Black: A British Story', offers a survey of Black music
from the UK, starting with early drumbeats brought back from Africa and
going up to the latest innovations in popular music on the island.
Augustus 'Gus' Casely-Hayford is the director of
V&A East. The British curator was formerly director of the
Smithsonian National Museum of African Art in Washington, DC, USA. At
the press viewing, he said that young people, in the boroughs of East
London in particular, where the museum is set, "were absolutely
critical" in choosing 'The Music Is Black' as the inaugural exhibition.
"We
wanted something that would speak to their hopes and dreams," he told a
busy crowd of journalists and guests. "Young people go to football
matches here, spend their money on music, but would they come to an
exhibition? Would they spend their money on exhibitions?" he asked.
He worked to find ways to challenge that paradigm.
"Black British music is the music we fall in love to, the music that
we listen to at great events," he continued. "It's also the music that
tells those informal stories and reflects our political history as a
nation."
The team planned to create a space that reflects the stories of the
global majoriry, especially from African and Caribbean roots, "the
unreflected stories", he called them, and to do so "in ways that inspire
and offer hope," he concluded, acclaimed by the audience.
A long, convoluted history
Reggae,
dub, ska, drum & bass, jungle, grime... all emerged in the UK as
offspring of African music after it had travelled to the West Indies and
the British Empire in general.
The genres presented in the exhibitions also include jazz, soul
music, funk, lovers rock, two-tone, rocksteady, dub, trip hop, garage
and drill.
Famous voices are featured, including Dame Shirley Bassey (and her
unforgettable theme for the 'Goldfinger' James Bond film), Joan
Armatrading, Sade, Seal, Tricky, Skunk Anansie’s Skin and Little Simz.
But, even before them, Black composers contributed to classical music in the UK, like Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (1875–1912), then to jazz and to British soul music, including Winifred Atwell – the first Black artist to have a number one hit in the UK singles chart.
The
show displays over 200 objects, including iconic photos but also
records, documents, stage costumes, instruments, films... and even art
pieces from contemporary creators, including Thomas J. Price, whose paternal family hails from Jamaica,
and is part of the so-called 'Windrush generation'. "The first act provides the vertebrae, the spinal cord for all the acts to follow. It provides a deeper history," Springer told me.
"It tells us a long story about the way in which humans, as a
species, have the need and compulsion to express themselves, also in
relation to social politics, cultural ideas, emotions."
Then the show
moves into what occurs on the West African coasts from the 1400s
onward, when the Portuguese then British explorers first arrived on
African shores, ushering in "a sense of competition continentally for
the riches of the African continent," according to Springer, who is also
a former music journalist, a lecturer and event curator.
Act I looks at the historical exchanges between Africa
and Britain from the 1400s, including a deep exploration of the role of
spiritual beliefs in music and of forced conversions to Christian
religions.
"We also look at how the transatlantic African enslavement was permeated and legalised in the United Kingdom," Springer said, "with documents from the British Library providing empirical evidence of that."
Multitude of genres, sounds and stories
"Act II travels from the 1900s to the 1960s, looking at music and the
world wars," Springer told me. "It looks at the phenomenon that is
jazz, the presence of the blues."
To her, the centrepiece of the exhibition is Atwell's
piano. Born in Trinidad in 1914, the pianist and composer migrated to
Britain and enjoyed great popularity from the 1950s with a series of
boogie-woogie and ragtime hits, selling over 20 million records.
"That's the very piano that she played on," Springer is proud to say.
"She would play with two pianos, a classical piano, and this kind of
broken down ragtime piano, showing her versatility as a musician, but
also the fact that she could play jazz as well as classical music."
Act III, which is the core of the exhibition, is the one dedicated to the British black music genres that emerged in the UK iafter World War II and the arrival of the 'Windrush generation', from the West Indies, after decades of multicultural brewing.
"The stories in Act III are what inspired the title, 'The Music is
Black, a British story'. This is the British story," for Springer.
She gives an example: lovers rock.
"Lovers rock is the first reggae form of music created outside of
Jamaica," she said. "It's slower, but it is as political. It can be
escapist, it's romantic, but the vocal delivery of artists like Janet
Kay, Louisa Marks, Carol Thompson, Jean Adamo, Adebambo offers a
deployment of warmth and authority of sensuality never heard."
And that was really important at a time when the United Kingdom, in
the 1970s, "was going through the political climate that it did," she
adds, referring to immigration, the rise of the far right and movement
against racism, then to Thatcherism.
From Pauline Black, the lead
singer of the 2 Tone group The Selector, to Sade, Seal and Tricky, the
exhibition also shows the creativity that came into black music beyond
London, from places like Coventry and Bristol.
"Soundsystem culture from Jamaica and reggae was coming in again in
these towns, and then that's smoothed out for trip hop. It still has the
ingredients of turn-tablism, of singing like lovers rock, but there's a
political undertone, but there's also an emotional interrogation,"
Springer insists.
Bands like The Specials, Soul II Soul, Massive
Attack, a singer like Martina Topley-Bird, and the dub master Mad
Professor all inherited from the innovations that gave the Bristol
sound.
Springer added that it also retells a complex, rich but often crual
history too, linked to a brutal colonial exploitation and the legacy of
the transatlantic slave trade, including racist police brutality,
inequality in media treatment and episodes of uprising.
Looking back to Africa but also forward
If in the 1950s, 60s, and 70s, black British music got redefined by
musicians with strong links to Jamaica and more widely the British West
Indies and Guyana, during the 1980s and up to our days, African
musicians have made their voices heard increasingly.
Neneh Cherry, Sade, Keziah Jones, as well as, more recently, Skepta
and Stormzy, the two rappers who brought British hip-hop to a new level
in the past decade, all have links to West Africa, from Sierra Leone to Nigeria.
Festivals like WOMAD also contributed to popularising African music in England from the 1980s.
"In Act IV, we're looking at imported music, this time from British
born black artists, and at how it travels all the way from classical
again through folk, R&B, dance, punk, electronica, rap, gospel,
jazz, drill, Afrobeats, the the new incarnation incarnation inspired by
Fela Kuti," the curator explained.
In more recent years, the link
between black British musicians and Africa itself seems to have deepened
too, with a long list of artists coming from Nigeria notably, including
Wizkid, from Lagos, collaborating with other black British musicians like Arlos Parks and Greentea Peng, living and working in London.
"We're thus also looking at how art was reconfigured by British artists responding to imported music," Jacqueline concludes.
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'The Music is Black: A British Story' is on view at the V&A East in London, UK, until 3 January 2027.