03/08/2023

Tunisie: Reshuffling in times of economic and political crisis

 

My latest article on the country: 

 

Tunisia's President replaces his Prime Minister amid stark economic difficulties

Tunisian President Kais Saied sacked his Prime Minister Najla Bouden without explanation on Tuesday night. He immediately replaced her with former central bank executive Ahmed Hachani, tasked with overcoming the "colossal" economic challenges in the North African country.

 



President Kais Saied "terminated the functions" of his Prime Minister Najla Bouden, who had been the first woman to head a government in Tunisia.

The news was disclosed by a press release and a video released by the presidency shortly before midnight.

No official explanation was given for dismissing Bouden.

 

However, several Tunisian media outlets highlighted that Saied was displeased over a number of shortages, particularly of bread in state-subsidised bakeries.

Saied immediately appointed in her place Ahmed Hachani, who until now worked at the Tunisian central bank.

He studied law at the University of Tunis, where Saied taught, but is unknown to the general public.

 

"Colossal challenges"

 

The main reason for this sudden change seems to be the very bleak state of the country's economy.

During the short ceremony, the president stressed that "there are colossal challenges that we must overcome with a solid and strong will, in order to protect our homeland, our state and social peace".

In recent days, the government held several meetings, including some with the president and ministers, over the problem of shortages of subsidised bread in several regions.

 

Saied recently said "bread is a red line for Tunisians", and, according to media, he fears a repeat of the bread riots that left 150 dead in 1984 under Habib Bourguiba, the first post- independence leader of Tunisia.

The country has been facing sporadic shortages of flour, semolina, sugar, coffee and cooking oil for months, linked, according to economists, to the requirement that suppliers be paid in advance, which Tunisia has had great difficulty doing.

 

Needing international support 

 

The North African country is also saddled with a crippling public wage bill from a civil service that employs 680,000 of its 12 million citizens.

It is struggling with debt of around 80 percent of GDP and seeking foreign aid.

Last October, Tunisia reached a tentative deal for a $1.9 billion bailout from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) that would require the country to undertake a "comprehensive economic reform programme".

 

The IMF has also called for legislation to restructure more than 100 state-owned firms, holding monopolies over many parts of the economy and, in many cases, heavily indebted.

But hopes of securing the IMF bailout appear slim as President Kais Saied has repeatedly rejected "foreign diktats that will lead to more poverty".

Besides being heavily indebted, growth is around two percent while poverty levels are rising and unemployment very high at 15 percent.

 

Political crisis

 

These serious economic difficulties in Tunisia are compounded by a political crisis it's been going through for two years.

Bouden had been appointed by Saied on 11 October 2021, after the president granted himself sweeping powers on 25 July by dismissing his then-prime minister and suspending parliament.

He also amended the constitution after a referendum in the summer of 2022, greatly reducing the powers of parliament, and granting the president's office unlimited powers.

Since his power grab, Saied has ruled by decree.

 A new assembly took office in the spring of 2023 following legislative elections at the end of 2022, but these were boycotted by the opposition parties and shunned by voters with a turnout rate of around 10 percent.

The clampdown didn't stop there.

Since last February, about 20 opposition, media and business figures have been imprisoned in a wave of arrests that included Rached Ghannouchi, leader of the Islamist-inspired Ennahdha party and one of the president's highest-profile critics.

 

Ennahdha had dominated coalitions from the 2011 democratic revolution that culminated in the downfall of dictator Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and kicked off the Arab Spring uprisings across the region.

They were all accused of "plotting against state security", Saied personally calling them "terrorists".

Amnesty International has labelled in a recent report the roundup a "politically motivated witch hunt".

 

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Read more about Tunisia on RFI English:

https://www.rfi.fr/en/tag/tunisia/



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