20/05/2017

"L’Empire Massive contre Attack"


 Un article élaboré et passionnant autour du groupe le plus doué de sa génération et la culture de son pays, le Royaume-Uni... par une historienne passionnée!

Posté sur le site Hypothèses.org, proposant un espace de blogs aux chercheurs en histoire.

Lien : https://lafactory.hypotheses.org/231



Ici c’est Bristol. L’empire Massive contre Attack


Dans la musique anglaise, il y a un avant et un après Blue Lines, album fondamental de 1991. Un disque constat, post moderne, qui affirme que le futur s’écrira désormais sur les décombres du passé.[1] Ses mots définitifs de Jean-Daniel Beauvallet introduisent une interview exhumée d’un numéro de 1992 du mensuel Les Inrockuptibles pour lequel il travaille toujours. Elle a été retenue pour ouvrir le numéro anniversaire publié pour les trente ans de la revue en février 2016.
On relit souvent le passé en chaussant les lunettes du présent ; grâce à elles, on perçoit peut être mieux aujourd’hui qu’au début des années 90 à quel point Massive Attack fut un groupe majeur du paysage musical des deux décennies qui enjambent le XXè et le XXIè siècles. Le groupe a fait bien moins de couvertures des Inrockuptibles que PJ Harvey ou Blur. Pourtant, dès 1998 l’hebdomadaire se demandait déjà si la formation de Bristol n’était pas le groupe le plus important des années 90.
Des villes, des quartiers, des rues, de simples bâtisses (clubs, studios) et même des murs dessinent depuis les années 60 une géographie culturelle britannique dense, renouvelée et connectée au monde. Londres a swingé autour de Carnaby Street dans Soho pendant que les Beatles et les groupes du Mersey Beat ambiançaient le Liverpool des sixties et les Clash ont électrisé l’ouest londonien autour de Ladbroke Grove. Au début des années 80, Joy Division a fait de Princess parkway un décor de désolation urbain glacé immortalisé par K. Cummins en parfaite osmose avec ses compositions. Dix ans plus tard, entre les lignes jaunes et noires de l’Haçienda de Manchester, la ville s’est métamorphosée en une nuit interminable, chatoyante et festive. Pour sa part, Massive Attack peut se targuer d’avoir façonné et transformé le paysage musical et artistique de Bristol et a fortiori de l’Angleterre en le mettant sur les rails d’un nouveau millénaire.
Avec son livre En dehors de la zone de confort, consacré à l’histoire d’un groupe d’artistes, de leur ville et de leurs révolutions[2], Melissa Chemam se focalise justement sur cette modeste ville portuaire de l’ouest de l’Angleterre. Ce faisant elle comble opportunément un vide. En effet, s’il existe en français, une sorte d’abécédaire consacré à Massive Attack, celui-ci est désormais daté[3]. La mise à jour qu’opère l’auteure embrasse bien plus largement le sujet qui a surtout été documenté par les anglo-saxons[4]. Au fil des pages, elle arpente la ville, ses rues, ses clubs, ses disquaires, ses studios, ses galeries, ses cafés qui font de ce territoire un véritable bouillon de culture. De ce côté-ci de la Manche, on ne retient paresseusement de Bristol et de ses artistes, que deux figures. Le street artist Banksy à l’identité mystérieuse et Massive Attack auquel il est souvent associé et parfois faussement assimilé[5]. Il faut dire que ses projets secouent régulièrement l’actualité nationale et européenne (le 8 mai dernier, Banksy revisitait le drapeau de l’UE en raison du Brexit) et internationale (l’artiste vient d’ouvrir un hôtel à Bethléem, décoré entièrement par ses soins offrant une vue imprenable sur le mur qui sépare la Cisjordanie d’Israël). Avec et grâce à eux, mais aussi grâce à celles et ceux qui leur ont emboité le pas, s’en sont inspirés ou les ont côtoyés, Bristol est devenue une des capitales culturelles les plus importantes du Royaume-Uni et d’Europe à laquelle la ville reste foncièrement attachée. Ainsi, 75% de ses citoyen.nes se sont prononcé.es contre le Brexit. Mélissa Chemam qui garde la question politique dans sa ligne de mire tout au long de son étude explique ce choix. Bristol est une ville de brassage, ouverte à de multiples influences ; la scène artistique qui s’y est épanouie en est la parfaite illustration. Unique, inventive, elle a fait à son échelle modeste le pari de l’échange et de l’altérité pour s’imposer comme un des pôles culturels majeurs de la planète.
Entre circulations musicales et subcultures urbaines, l’émergence d’une scène locale
L’auteure a choisi de suivre un ligne du temps. L’approche chronologique lui permet de replacer l’histoire culturelle de Bristol dans celle de l’Angleterre. Cependant d’autres axes de réflexion structurent son travail : elle accorde notamment une attention particulière aux circulations musicales qui forgent le Bristol Sound. La centralité de la question sociale pour comprendre la fabrique de la production artistique et culturelle locale en est un autre. Enfin, Mélissa Chemam donne aux réseaux et chaines de coopération de différentes natures une place de choix dans son ouvrage.
La ligne du temps débute au XVIIè siècle. A l’instar de Bordeaux ou Nantes en France, Bristol port majeur de la traite Atlantique – le troisième en Angleterre après Liverpool et Londres – a gardé de nombreux stigmates de ce passé. Avec plus de 2100 expéditions organisées entre 1698 et 1807 – date de l’abolition – Bristol rivalise avec Nantes ; quelques 500 000 esclaves ont traversé l’océan sur ses bateaux (surnommés les black birds)[6] affrétés pour gagner l’Afrique puis l’Amérique et les Caraïbes avant de rentrer au port. La ville compte encore de nombreuses maisons cossues, propriétés d’anciens négriers ; une des ses principales salles de spectacle porte le nom d’Edward Colston dont la statue trône en centre-ville[7]. Marchand du XVIIè siècle, il équipa la ville en écoles et hôpitaux grâce à la fortune amassée en trafiquant des esclaves. Si l’urbanisme et la toponymie gardent des traces de la traite, la population de la ville est également l’héritière de ces circulations humaines entre les deux rives de l’Atlantique. Une importante communauté caribéenne, majoritairement jamaïcaine, vit désormais à Bristol. Elle constitue 5% de la population de la ville. Arrivée massivement dans les années 50-60, elle a été employée à reconstruire le centre grandement endommagé durant le blitz. À partir de 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants act[8] met un terme à ce flux migratoire. Entre temps, le quartier de St Paul est devenu un véritable ghetto ethnique caribéen. Ce petit territoire concentre une population déclassée marquée par le chômage, la précarité et la pauvreté. En avril 1980, bien avant Brixton, Toxteth ou Notting Hill, Saint Paul s’enflamme. Une série d’émeutes initiées par les jeunes immigrés harcelés par la police rappelle que la jeunesse anglaise a le goût de la rébellion. Sur ce terrain punks et jeunes noirs scellent des alliances fécondes pour contrer l’ordre dominant, ils se chargent ensuite de réinventer la bande son de la ville.
Emeutes dans St Paul -1980
Mélissa Chemam, une fois posées les fondations du Bristol sound, se consacre à sa fabrique en identifiant lieux et acteurs clés. Dans les années 80, tout se joue dans un club de St Paul, le Dug Out. La jeunesse férue de musique s’y retrouve. Certains préfèrent le post punk, d’autres sont clairement des partisans de la manière jamaïcaine avec DJ et sound systems. C’est dans ce lieu qu’incube ce qui deviendra The wild bunch, collectif aux gouts hétéroclites regroupant différents DJ parmi lequels on trouve Paul « Nellee » Hooper, Grant Marshall aka Daddy G et Miles Johnson aka DJ Milo. Ils importent des vinyles de hip-hop en provenance de New York afin de faire danser la jeunesse locale quelque soit sa couleur de peau : entre les soirées du Dug Out et le carnaval de Saint Paul, les sonorités se mélange, le brassage des influences s’opère. Sur le modèle des cultures urbaines nord-américaines, les graffeurs impriment leurs marques sur les murs de la ville. Parmi eux, Robert del Naja et Andrew Volwes rejoignent la horde sauvage[9] au mitan de la décennie : on les connaît alors sous les pseudos de 3D et Mushroom.
Subcultures, métissages, rébellion et underground, autant d’ingrédients qui s’amalgament pour faire émerger une scène musicale originale et prometteuse.
Réseaux réticulaires et mutations musicales, l’apothéose Massive Attack
Au milieu des années 80, une première mutation des réseaux du wild bunch s’opère. Le collectif se disloque à la suite d’un séjour au Japon. Une partie de ses membres s’installe à Londres. Leur renommée en tant que DJ est déjà faite et leurs performances retiennent l’attention d’acteurs locaux et de maisons de disques. D’un autre coté à Bristol, le Dug Out ferme, tandis que les tensions sociales et raciales ne retombent pas : de nouvelle émeutes ont lieu à St Paul en 1986. Nellee Hooper et DJ Milo repérés par Nenneh Cherry entrent en contact avec le producteur Cameron McVey compagnon de cette suédoise qui connaît bien la scène de Bristol[10]. Les deux DJ rappellent 3D et Mushroom, incorporent dans leur équipe une jeune chanteuse Shara Nelson ainsi qu’un garçon marginal et torturé, Tricky. La chaine de coopération qui relie Londres à Bristol opère une nouvelle mutation quand Nellee Hooper rejoint Soul II Soul tandis que DJ Milo s’exile loin de l’Europe. Le wild bunch est mort, vive Massive Attack.
Restent Daddy G, Mushroom et 3D. Aucun d’entre eux ne joue d’un instrument mais chacun est sensible aux sonorités urbaines ; le choix de sampler des morceaux pour faire de la musique s’impose progressivement. Dans la fabrique du son, la machine peut désormais supplanter l’instrument[11], et le trio se lance dans cette révolution expérimentale. Ce sont les réseaux du wild bunch qui lancent la carrière discographique du groupe. Neneh Cherry demande à 3D d’assurer la partie rappée de Man child tandis que Mushroom intervient comme DJ sur Buffalo Stance, les deux hits de son premier album. Cameron McVey guide le trio vers Johnny Dollar et Andy Allen pour l’enregistrement et la production de Blue Lines, leur premier album. On y retrouve Shara Nelson et Tricky ainsi qu’Horace Andy pour ce disque d’exception lancé par le single Unfinished sympathy et son vidéo clip en forme de long plan séquence.
Image extraite de la video de Unfinished Sympathy (1991) Shara Nelson déambule dans Pico Avenue (LA).
Lancée sur la piste des réseaux et de leurs mutations successives, Mélissa Chemam suit le groupe dans ses recompositions et ses collaborations multiples. On y remarque une forte présence féminine. Massive Attack a un tropisme prononcé pour les chanteuses permettant de donner une coloration renouvelée à ses compositions : Hope Sandoval, Liz Frazer, Marina Topley Bird offrent leurs voix au groupe de Bristol pour des titres enregistrés, et sur scène, le cas échant. Très différentes les unes des autres, elles nuancent sans le pervertir l’ADN du groupe, celui du brassage des influences musicales. Devenu la pièce maitresse de la scène de Bristol, Massive Attack suscite des vocations : Tricky, Portishead, Banksy profitent de l’environnement porteur pour se joindre à la fête. En couches successives l’auteure nous fait découvrir les multiples ramifications de l’univers créé autour de Massive Attack, marqué par la pluralité des influences, l’innovation dans la production et la mise en scène de ses créations. Le titre de l’ouvrage rend compte de la philosophie du groupe : toujours en mouvement, en révolution, à conjuguer différentes formes d’expression artistique. Il ne stationne guère longtemps dans sa zone de confort.
Massive Attack, groupe total
Le monde vu par 3D, R. del Naja.
Street art, peinture – très marquée par l’influence de Jean-Michel Basquiat – pochettes d’albums, arts visuels, musique, les membres de Massive Attack se constituent en un groupe total auquel il manque cependant longtemps une légitimité scénique. L’auteure s’attarde sur les dispositifs que le groupe utilise pour enrichir et déployer son identité artistique : leurs vidéos clips sont extrêmement soignés et prolongent l’ambiance underground, électronique et parfois angoissante de leurs compositions. La scène devient peu à peu un nouvel espace créatif : vidéos, jeux de lumières, slogans, messages en formes de punchlines interpellent le public. Massive Attack, depuis ses débuts a partie liée avec les soubresauts de la planète : le groupe sort son premier album en pleine guerre du Golfe. Stigmatisé, il doit consentir à se défaire de la seconde partie de son nom pour satisfaire sa maison de disque. Moyen Orient, 11 septembre, Katrina, conflit israélo-palestien inspirent les écritures musicales et les jeux de scène du groupe.
Juillet 2014, Dublin, Massive Attack sur scène
On pourra dire que cette histoire est déjà accessible à celles et ceux qui s’intéressent à Massive Attack et au Bristol Sound, ou plus largement à l’histoire des musiques populaires. La presse l’a documentée, les Inrockuptibles, entre autres s’en sont chargés. Mais Mélissa Chemam a quelques bottes secrètes qui lui donnent une longueur d’avance sur le reste des sources disponibles. Elle a effectué plusieurs entretiens récents avec Robert del Naja, prolongés et précisés par des échanges épistolaires électroniques. Cela lui donne suffisamment de matériel pour dresser un portrait très dense et ciselé de cet artiste complexe aux multiples talents : il devient le guide du lectorat dans cette histoire dont il est l’âme et la colonne vertébrale. Du travail d’un groupe dont on ne retient trop souvent que les fabuleuses ambiances sonores, l’auteure prend la peine de s’arrêter sur ses textes : ils sont disséqués, sélectionnés et analysés pour renforcer son récit. On y gagne en complexité et en profondeur. Il en ressort une impression de puissance créative polymorphe, qui donne furieusement envie de reprendre tout pas à pas pour se replonger intensément dans la discographie du groupe et plus largement dans son univers artistique.
On referme donc le livre de Mélissa Chemam satisfait.es et repu.es mais l’esprit en ébulition. Bienheureuse celle, heureux celui, qui parviendra à dresser une cartographie des réseaux du Bristol Sound à partir ou autour de Massive Attack pour prolonger ce travail. Celles et ceux qui poursuivront les études sociologiques ou musicologiques sur ces mouvements musicaux nés à Bristol auront aussi de quoi s’occuper. Le livre de Mélissa Chemam ne se contente pas de combler, avec brio, un vide, il ouvre des perspectives de recherches stimulantes. Avec de longues heures d’écoute musicales en perspective.
[1] BEAUVALLET, Jean-Daniel, Blue Lines, Massive Attack, in Les Inrockuptibles n°1054, du 10 au 16 février 2016, p.6
[2] CHEMAM, Mélissa, En dehors de la zone de confort, Paris, Editions Anne Carrière, 2016
[3] LESIEUR, Jennifer, Massive Attack: de A à Z, Paris : Prélude et fugue, 2002
[4] JOHNSON, Phil, Straight outta Bristol, Londres, Hodder & Stoughton, 1996
[5] En septembre 2016, le journaliste anglais Craig Williams affirme que Banksy serait un groupe d’individus comprenant Robert del Naja aka 3D de Massive Attack.
[6] CHIVALLON, Christine, « Bristol et la mémoire de l’esclavage », Annales de la Recherche Urbaine n°85, 0180-930-XII-99/85/p. 100-110
[8] Loi imposant une limitation, un quota à l’entrée des citoyens issus des pays du Commonwealth au Royaume Uni. Initié par le parti conservateur il fut successivement renforcé en 1968 et 1971.
[9] The wild bunch est le titre original du film de Peckinpah dont la tarduction française est La horde sauvage.
[10] On connaît Neneh Cherry pour son ascendance, elle est la belle fille du trompettiste Don Cherry, moins pour ses fréquentations punks et post punks : elle traine à Londres sur Ladbroke Grove en 1981, fricote avec les Slits et Rip Rig Panic qui partage son batteur Bruce Smith (1erépoux de N. Cherry) avec le Pop Group de Bristol.
[11] Sterne, Jonathan. « Pour en finir avec la fidélité (les médias sont des instruments) », Mouvements, vol. no 42, no. 5, 2005, pp. 43-53.
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19/05/2017

Book coming soon: Looking to London, by Cynthia Cockburn


Very much looking forward to reading this:


Looking to London

Stories of War, Escape and Asylum
Cynthia Cockburn


This book looks at five communities of refugees living in London, who have travelled from the maelstrom of recent wars and suffered through displacement and the ‘migration crisis’ in the Middle East and Europe. Women refugees who have made it to London tell of the dangers they’ve fled, of their struggle with the UK’s rigid and racist border controls and the difficulties and rewards of making a home in a strange city.

London is celebrated as one of the most ethnically diverse capitals in the world, and has been a magnet of migration since its origin. Looking to London responds to new cohorts of refugees joining their established Kurdish, Somali, Tamil, Sudanese and Syrian communities, under the watchful eye of two sets of security forces, those of the regimes they fled, and those of the UK’s anti-terror police.

Cynthia Cockburn brings her lively and lucid style to a world in which hatred is being countered by compassion, at a moment when nationalist, anti-immigrant sentiment, post-Brexit, is being challenged by a warm-hearted ‘refugees welcome’ movement. Her book is helpful reading for all who want to think more deeply about the contradictions of a ‘open borders’ campaign.

CYNTHIA COCKBURN first published with Pluto forty years ago. She is an honorary professor at the Centre for the Study of Women and Gender, University of Warwick, and City University London. Researcher and writer in the field of gender, war and peace-making, she is active in the international women's peace movement. Her most recent books are Antimilitarism: The Political and Gender Dynamics of Peace Movements (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012) and From Where We Stand: War, Women's Activism and Feminist Analysis (Zed Books, 2007). 

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In the author's words:

notowar


April 23, 2017

From Bristol to Hollywood: The Journey of Cary Grant in a new angle


Cary Grant was probably the most famous Bristolian in the history of the city... until 1991 happened and totally changed Bristol!

Cary Grant near his Bristol home by the Clifton Suspension Bridge

This documentary film will be shown at the Festival de Cannes this month. The music was created by The insects and Adrian Utley, famous guitarist known among other things for his crucial presence in the band Portishead, some of the finest musicians of the city.


Becoming Cary Grant (2016) | Official Trailer | A Film by Mark Kidel





Published on 3 May 2017
Don't miss the premiere of Becoming Cary Grant on Friday June 9th at 9 PM ET/PT.

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SYNOPSIS

Présenté sur le site du Festival de Cannes:

Cary Grant est l’un des plus grands acteurs d’Hollywood. Un traumatisme survenu pendant son enfance sera à l’origine de doutes et incertitudes durant la majeure partie de sa vie. Au sommet de sa gloire, il entame une thérapie au LSD pour se libérer de ses démons. Ce film retrace avec ses propres mots et ses images privées inédites, son périple, de son enfance pauvre à la notoriété mondiale, de l’ombre à la lumière. Nous découvrons pour la première fois un Cary Grant différent, l'homme caché derrière un masque au charme subtil et sophistiqué, un masque qu'il portait pour vaincre son insécurité. Voici l'histoire d'un homme à la recherche de lui-même et de l'amour qu'il n'a pas su trouver pendant une grande partie de sa vie. Les mots de Cary Grant sont interprétés par Jonathan Pryce.
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Cary Grant, one of Hollywood's greatest stars, was troubled most of his life with self-doubt and insecurity due to childhood trauma. In his fifties he began a long course of treatment, taking LSD to exorcise his demons. Using words from his unpublished autobiography, and newly-discovered personal footage he shot with a film-maker’s eye, Cary Grant explores his long journey from childhood poverty to global fame, and from darkness out into the light. In this film we discover for the first time a different Cary Grant, the man behind the mask of subtle charm and suave sophistication that he wore to hide his insecurities. This is a story of a man in search of himself, on a quest to find the love that eluded him most of his life.The words of Cary Grant are spoken by Jonathan Pryce, the music is by Adrian Utley (Portishead) and Tim Norfolk & Bob Locke (The Insects).
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More soon!


Read also this article on the film on the Guardian's website:


Cary Grant: how 100 acid trips in Tinseltown 'changed my life'

At the height of his fame, Cary Grant turned to LSD therapy for help. He later claimed the drug saved him, but did it also spell the end of his career?



In the late 1950s, at the height of his fame, Cary Grant set off on a trip in search of his true self, unpicking the myth he had spent three decades perfecting. He tried hypnosis and yoga and felt that they both came up short. So he began dropping acid and claimed to have found inner peace. “During my LSD sessions, I would learn a great deal,” he would later remark. “And the result was a rebirth. I finally got where I wanted to go.”
Grant’s adventures in psychedelia – an estimated 100 sessions, spanning the years 1958-1961 – provide the basis for Becoming Cary Grant, a fascinating documentary that plays at next week’s Cannes film festival. It’s a film that takes its lead from Grant himself, undressing and probing the star of North by Northwestto the point where the very title risks feeling like a red herring. “Like all documentary makers, we started out looking at the construction of Cary Grant,” says producer Nick Ware. “But we ended up deconstructing him through the LSD sessions.”
If the film never quite manages to pin the actor like a butterfly, that’s probably for the best. Grant spent his life as a creature in flight. His mercurial nature was the making of him – a peculiarly Gatsby-esque urge that allowed a Bristol street urchin named Archie Leach to reimagine himself as an American prince, the embodiment of Hollywood grace and glamour. Even so, the documentary does a good job in showing what spurred him, what spooked him and how – wittingly or not – he dragged his former identity along for the ride. “I have spent the greater part of my life fluctuating between Archie Leach and Cary Grant,” he once confessed. “Unsure of each, suspecting each.” It was this tension, this friction that struck such sparks on the screen.
In addition to providing a cinematic case study, though, the film opens a window on to a lost utopia of LSD therapy. Indirectly, it spotlights a school of experimental medicine that flourished briefly before the arrival of Timothy Leary and the west coast hippie scene. Between 1950 and 1965, around 40,000 patients were prescribed lysergic acid to treat conditions as diverse as alcoholism, schizophrenia and PTSD. In the UK, Powick Hospital funded an “LSD clinic”. In the US, the CIA tested the drug as a truth serum. Turned on to the treatment by his third wife, Betsy Drake, Grant submitted himself to weekly sessions with Dr Mortimer Hartman at the Psychiatric Institute of Beverly Hills. The effects were startling. “In one LSD dream I imagined myself as a giant penis launching off from Earth like a spaceship.”
“He claimed he was saved by LSD,” explains Mark Kidel, the film’s director. “You have to remember that Cary was a private man. He rarely gave interviews. And yet, after taking acid, he personally contacted Good Housekeeping magazine and said: ‘I want to tell the world about this. It has changed my life. Everyone’s got to take it.’ I’ve also heard that Timothy Leary read this interview, or was told about it, and that his own interest in acid was essentially sparked by Cary Grant.”
In making his film, Kidel secured access to Grant’s 16mm home movies, together with snippets from his unpublished autobiography. But the LSD gave the tale its structure; justified all its flashbacks. “I’m part of the 60s generation. I’ve taken acid myself,” he says. “Not a lot, but enough to think, ‘Wow, someone who’s taken it 100 times would have had really felt the effects’. He would have had a lot going on.”
Grant moved at speed, his demons snapping perpetually at his heels. He was just 14 when he signed on as an acrobat with the Bob Pender Stage Troupe; only 16 when he boarded a boat for the US. He changed his name and his accent. He tried on marriages like tailored suits, discarding them when they began to pinch. His fear of intimacy, he would later realise, was the result of his troubled relationship with his mother, who had abruptly vanished when he was still a child. Grant assumed she had died. He was in his 30s, already a movie star, when he discovered that Elsie Leach had actually been committed to the Bristol Lunatic Asylum by his philandering father. When Grant went to rescue her, Elsie suspiciously looked him up and down. “Archie?” she said. “Is that really you?” Except that by this point, of course, even he wasn’t sure.
“People looked at Cary Grant as the epitome of accomplished, sophisticated survival,” says the film historian David Thomson. “But I don’t think that he felt it.” The irony was that it was this whiff of uncertainty that made him so appealing; the sense that he was always Archie Leach playing the role of Cary Grant and allowing the audience in on the joke. Directors Howard Hawks and Alfred Hitchcock would identify what Thomson refers to as his “fascinating insecurity” and push it to the fore in films such as His Girl Friday and Notorious. Through therapy, it seems, Grant made his peace with it, too.
Ware points out that his LSD sessions coincided with the star’s professional heyday. “This was the time of North by Northwest and Charade. So all that period when he is the biggest box office star in the world is also the period when he’s taking LSD. He has reached this incredible level of total minimalism, inner peace. I’m sure the acid informed the acting.”
And yet both, it transpired, were on borrowed time. LSD possession was made illegal in 1966, the same year that Grant announced his retirement from acting. By then he had already rolled back on his support for the drug. Acid was a counterculture accessory, it didn’t fit with his image, although it seems that he never regretted the experiences. On his death, in 1986, the actor bequeathed a gift of £10,000 to Dr Hartman. Today, incidentally, the treatment appears primed for a comeback. The recent Psychedelic Science conference in Oakland, California presented the results of clinical trials that used MDMA to treat mental illness and trauma.
If acid helped inform Grant’s acting, I wonder if it also prompted his withdrawal. Acting, perhaps, was his coping strategy, his brilliant disguise; a symptom he felt he could eventually afford to let go. But Kidel has his doubts. He thinks that Grant simply took the decision to quit while he was at the top of his game. He had shot enough films and made enough money. On top of that, his life had changed. “I think he stopped because he became a father,” Kidel says.
The way Grant tells it, his LSD sessions were a “beneficial cleansing”. The experience, he said, “brought him close to happiness” without ever entirely ironing out all his kinks. In later life, he largely removed himself from the limelight. His daughter, Jennifer, was born when he was 62, in the same year he made his last appearance on screen. Having been in flight from commitment for most his life, he reportedly relished his new role as a parent.
Kidel’s film wraps up with home movie footage from Grant’s autumn years. It shows father and daughter lounging in front of the TV, or dancing together on the terrace of his home. “It was a real battle to get that footage,” the director explains. “Jennifer didn’t want to give it up. She said she was going to use it for a show she was planning with Gregory Peck’s daughter. They were going to go touring theatres, talking about their famous fathers. But I had a sense that the show was never going to happen.”
I’m glad she relented: the footage provides the documentary with a gorgeous little coda. On the sunlit terrace, we see the dad and daughter link arms, switch positions and join hands. Grant would be about 70 by this point. He is thickset, white-haired, sporting heavyweight bifocals. But the man still dances beautifully, his old grace still intact. He comes skipping across the flagstones, giving the purest performance of them all.


18/05/2017

Call for a Palestinian state


Sharing this point of view from The Economist.
It is never too late to bring justice and balance.

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The legacy of the six-day war Why Israel needs a Palestinian state

More than ever, land for peace also means land for democracy

THE victory of Israel over the Arab armies that encircled it in 1967 was so swift and absolute that, many Jews thought, the divine hand must have tipped the scales. Before the six-day war Israel had feared another Holocaust; thereafter it became an empire of sorts. Awestruck, the Jews took the holy sites of Jerusalem and the places of their biblical stories. But the land came with many Palestinians whom Israel could neither expel nor absorb. Was Providence smiling on Israel, or testing it?

For the past 50 years, Israel has tried to have it both ways: taking the land by planting Jewish settlements on it; and keeping the Palestinians unenfranchised under military occupation, denied either their own state or political equality within Israel (see our special report in this issue). Palestinians have damaged their cause through decades of indiscriminate violence. Yet their dispossession is a reproach to Israel, which is by far the stronger party and claims to be a model democracy.

Israel’s “temporary” occupation has endured for half a century. The peace process that created “interim” Palestinian autonomy, due to last just five years before a final deal, has dragged on for more than 20. A Palestinian state is long overdue. Rather than resist it, Israel should be the foremost champion of the future Palestine that will be its neighbour. This is not because the intractable conflict is the worst in the Middle East or, as many once thought, the central cause of regional instability: the carnage of the civil wars in Syria, Iraq and elsewhere disproves such notions. The reason Israel must let the Palestinian people go is to preserve its own democracy.

The Trump card

Unexpectedly, there may be a new opportunity to make peace: Donald Trump wants to secure “the ultimate deal” and is due to visit the Holy Land on May 22nd, during his first foreign trip. The Israeli prime minister, Binyamin Netanyahu, appears as nervous as the Palestinian president, Mahmoud Abbas, seems upbeat. Mr Trump has, rightly, urged Israel to curb settlement-building. Israel wants him to keep his promise to move the American embassy to Jerusalem. He should hold off until he is ready to go really big: recognise Palestine at the same time and open a second embassy in Jerusalem to talk to it.

The outlines of peace are well known. Palestinians would accept the Jewish state born from the war of 1947-48 (made up of about three-quarters of the British mandate of Palestine). In return, Israel would allow the creation of a Palestinian state in the remaining lands it occupied in 1967 (about one-quarter). Parcels could be swapped to take in the main settlements, and Jerusalem would have to be shared. Palestinian refugees would return mostly to their new state, not Israel.
The fact that such a deal is familiar does not make it likely. Mr Netanyahu and Mr Abbas will probably string out the process—and try to ensure the other gets blamed for failure. Distracted by scandals, Mr Trump may lose interest; Mr Netanyahu may lose power (he faces several police investigations); and Mr Abbas may die (he is 82 and a smoker). The limbo of semi-war and semi-peace is, sadly, a tolerable option for both.

Nevertheless, the creation of a Palestinian state is the second half of the world’s promise, still unredeemed, to split British-era Palestine into a Jewish and an Arab state. Since the six-day war,
Israel has been willing to swap land for peace, notably when it returned Sinai to Egypt in 1982. But the conquests of East Jerusalem, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip were different. They lie at the heart of Israelis’ and Palestinians’ rival histories, and add the intransigence of religion to a nationalist conflict. Early Zionist leaders accepted partition grudgingly; Arab ones tragically rejected it outright. In 1988 the Palestine Liberation Organisation accepted a state on part of the land, but Israeli leaders resisted the idea until 2000. Mr Netanyahu himself spoke of a (limited) Palestinian state only in 2009.

Another reason for the failure to get two states is violence. Extremists on both sides set out to destroy the Oslo accords of 1993, the first step to a deal. The Palestinian uprising in 2000-05 was searing. Wars after Israel’s unilateral withdrawal from Lebanon in 2000 and Gaza in 2005 made everything worse. As blood flowed, the vital ingredient of peace—trust—died.

Most Israelis are in no rush to try offering land for peace again. Their security has improved, the economy is booming and Arab states are courting Israel for intelligence on terrorists and an alliance against Iran. The Palestinians are weak and divided, and might not be able to make a deal. Mr Abbas, though moderate, is unpopular; and he lost Gaza to his Islamist rivals, Hamas. What if Hamas also takes over the West Bank?

All this makes for a dangerous complacency: that, although the conflict cannot be solved, it can be managed indefinitely. Yet the never-ending subjugation of Palestinians will erode Israel’s standing abroad and damage its democracy at home. Its politics are turning towards ethno-religious chauvinism, seeking to marginalise Arabs and Jewish leftists, including human-rights groups. The government objected even to a novel about a Jewish-Arab love affair. As Israel grows wealthier, the immiseration of Palestinians becomes more disturbing. Its predicament grows more acute as the number of Palestinians between the Jordan river and the Mediterranean catches up with that of Jews. Israel cannot hold on to all of the “Land of Israel”, keep its predominantly Jewish identity and remain a proper democracy. To save democracy, and prevent a slide to racism or even apartheid, it has to give up the occupied lands.

Co-operation, not collaboration

Thus, if Mr Abbas’s Palestinian Authority (PA) is weak, then Israel needs to build it up, not undermine it. Without progress to a state, the PA cannot maintain security co-operation with Israel for ever; nor can it regain its credibility. Israel should let Palestinians move more freely and remove all barriers to their goods (a freer market would make Israel richer, too). It should let the PA expand beyond its ink-spots. Israel should voluntarily halt all settlements, at least beyond its security barrier.
Israel is too strong for a Palestinian state to threaten its existence. In fact, such a state is vital to its future. Only when Palestine is born will Israel complete the victory of 1967.

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Article published in this week edition.
Link to the online version:
http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21722162-more-ever-land-peace-also-means-land-democracy-why-israel-needs-palestinian-state?cid1=cust/ednew/n/bl/n/20170518n/owned/n/n/nwl/n/n/eu/31867/n


Pour l'amour du cinéma africain


Petit article pour Toute La Culture sur la promotion du cinéma africain :

CINEWAX MET EN VALEUR LE CINÉMA AFRICAIN

18 mai 2017 Par
Melissa Chemam
Ce mois de mai, l’association Cinewax organise deux événements majeurs pour mettre en valeur le cinéma africain en France, avant de préparer un événement festif et multiplateforme pour la rentrée.


Créé en novembre 2014 par un Franco-Sénégalais passionné de cinéma. L’association développe des projets en France et au Sénégal pour promouvoir le cinéma comme lien social et favoriser un pont culturel entre deux continents par le biais du septième art. « Wax », en wolof signifie en effet « dire, parler ».
Au Sénégal, il n’existe aujourd’hui plus de salles de cinémas alors que le pays en comptait près de 90 dans les années 1970. Seuls l’Institut Français et le Goethe Institute offre donc des films au public sénégalais. Cinewax ambitionne donc de créer un réseau de salles de quartiers solidaires et innovantes au Sénégal, comprenant également des lieux de restauration, bibliothèques, une salle de spectacles et concerts, un espace d’exposition ou encore un cybercafé.
En France, grand pays du cinéma et terre d’accueil pour des films venant du monde entier, moins d’1% des films montrés en salle de cinéma sont des films africains, constate l’association. Cinewax crée donc des cinéclubs originaux comme Clap Afrique, Baatou Africa, Univerciné et des événements uniques dont bientôt un nouveau Cinewax Outdoors.
Prochains événements sur Paris et sa région :
Baatou Africa #4 : mardi 23 mai, avec projection du film L’arbre sans fruit de Kady Aïcha Mack au Reflet Médicis, suivie d’un débat en présence du réalisateur, sur le hème: le tabou de l’infertilité féminine au Niger.
Avant première: mardi 30 mai, projection de Wùlu de Daouda Coulibaly (primé au FESPACO 2017) au cinéma Louxor, avec présence de l’équipe du film.
A la rentrée, un Cinewax Outdoors aura lieu le dimanche 3 septembre, pour une journée de festivités rassemblant de nombreuses activités culturelles et ludiques, s’inspirant de diverses cultures africaines, au parc de Choisy. La journée se terminera par la projection d’un film.
Toute les infos sur le site : http://www.cinewax.org
Evénements Facebook ici et là
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Lien vers le site de Toute la Culture :


'Out of the Comfort Zone': Out of Bristol came... Massive Attack


More in English on my book on Massive Attack & Bristol...

Named En dehors de la zone de confort, in French, this book, released last year, retells the story behind a very rare sort of band, diverse, creative, independent, extremely open and gathering a wide array of collaboration... But also uniquely politically aware.

From their early years as the Wild Bunch collective and even more since their first album, Blue Lines, released in 1991, Massive Attack produced a revolutionary sound and always managed to bring a form of consciousness in their discourse and visual.



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This book was inspired by the journey the band took to Lebanon in August 2014... 

While covering international news for the French national radio, France Culture, I realized when reading their interviews ho much power music and art could have on political issues, human rights and social change.

The first chapter starts with Massive Attack's first album, the remarkable and inimitable Blue Lines, analysing its impact in its context, in a year of radical changes, in the United Kingdom and worldwide, 1991.

It then goes back to their first influences. This includes their very own hometown, Bristol, a port city that has been enriched by the colonies in America, the sugar and the slave trade in the eighteenth century. That very history also provoked a counter reaction and a sense of rebellion in its inhabitants, who fought against slavery a few decades later and rioted against unfair political decisions, inequalities, big corporations, etc.

This sense of rebellion materialized in the city's culture from the 1960s and mainly the 1970s, when the Caribbean population imported their very onw reggae music in the city's homes and clubs just before Bristol gave birth to its own punk and post-punk movement.

Then started Bristol's homegrown sound with the unforgettable post-punk band The Pop Group - and friends like Nick Sheppard and his band, The Cortinas, Maximum Joy, the Glaxo Babies, etc. Meanwhile, a properly genuine reggae scene also came to life in Bristol's Jamaican neighbourhood, St Pauls...




From then started a new movement

A few years later, hip hop and electronic music started to pour into Bristol's records shops and nightclubs, and a new generation of DJs started to bloom. From that trend came to life the now legendary Wild Bunch, a collective that changed the game and gave to Bristol its gateway into the history of music. The Wild Bunch was originally an informal posse composed of the joined efforts of two young Black DJs, Miles Johnson, known as DJ Milo, and Grantley Marshall, nicknamed Daddy G. They were quickly joined by Nellee Hooper, a massive fan of punk music, who acted as a sort of producer / manager.




The Wild Bunch was quickly enriched in 1983 by a couple of MCs and by the first blooming and generally admired graffiti artist in the city, nicknamed 3D, aka in real life Robert Del Naja, an 18 year-old music junkie.



After years of adventures that this book retells, 3D and a young DJ nicknamed Mushroom formed Massive Attack in 1988, quickly joined by Daddy G. And their talent soon outburst everywhere else in the UK when they released their first album.



In their path came to form a large number of other bands, producers and DJs, including the well-known Tricky and Portishead. A few years later, the graffiti movement 3D invigorated and deepened also took off in a wider scale.

From 1994 and their second album, Protection, Massive Attack never stopped transforming themselves, revolutionising their sound and stage shows up until the critically acclaim and popular success Mezzanine and they brilliant followers, 100th Window and Heligoland.

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I specifically wanted to write about Massive Attack's relationship with their city, Bristol, to show the roots of their greatness & mention their predecessors. To demonstrate how the city's history had a major influence on these self-taught and conscious, rebellious artists.

I then realized it would also be fascinating to retell the band's links with the artists and musicians who followed them, with their many brilliant collaborators and with those they inspired, from UNKLE to Gorillaz.

The book also follows Massive Attack's journey in the UK and further away around the world, via their tours and collaborations, in America and in the Middle East notably.

Therefore, the book becomes a form of parallel history of British culture, from an underground and unorthodox point of view. Bristol epitomizes another side of England, less known and much more humorous and rebellious!






Over two years, I spent months coming to Bristol, interviewing about 30 musicians, artists and other local actors. 


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The book also mentions today's music scene in Bristol, from the return of the Pop Group and the birth of new musical trends to the recent E.P. produced by Massive Attack in 2016.

French speakers: Profitez de la version française! Unique et probablement limitée... 





(The book cover is a creation by Robert Del Naja, originally designed in 2009 for the E.P. named 'Atlas Air').

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16/05/2017

About Jeremy Corbyn


I talked to my friends from different locations in England, and some of them thinks this man cannot lead their country... I would so love to have Jeremy Corbyn as our Prime Minister in France!

Here is a profile by Channel 4:


Jeremy Corbyn: Who is he? (Profile + Interview)



Published on 15 May 2017

The UK's Labour party leader Jeremy Corbyn was a 200/1 outsider in the Labour leadership contest two years ago. He defied those odds to win and now he is in the race to be next Prime Minister in the UK's general election. And many say the odds are stacked against him again.

According to his devoted supporters, his idealism is exactly what the country needs. But to his detractors, he’s made Labour simply unelectable. So who is he, what motivates him and what’s the future of the Corbyn project?

And we also spoke to him about his foreign policy - asking him: When in the last half century has British-backed military action been necessary?

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And I'm not alone! Noam Chomsky agrees with me!


Noam Chomsky: I would vote for Jeremy Corbyn (EXTENDED INTERVIEW) - BBC Newsnight


Published on 10 May 2017

Noam Chomsky is not just one of the world's most famous academics, he is also one of the world's most famous supporters of the political left. Evan Davis talked to him about Donald Trump, populism in Europe and Julian Assange.

Newsnight is the BBC's flagship news and current affairs TV programme - with analysis, debate, exclusives, and robust interviews. 

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Feel free to comment.