30/06/2023

Lettre de Colombes, près de Nanterre, France

 

30 juin 2023



Depuis quelques jours, la banlieue parisienne fait à nouveau la une des journaux du monde entier.

Parce que Nahel, 17 ans, a été tué mardi au volant d’une voiture lors d’un contrôle routier mené par deux motards de la police près de Paris.

Cette violence policière a été filmée et la vidéo postée sur les réseaux sociaux, ce qui a provoqué des émeutes dans de nombreux quartiers populaires. 

En réponse, le président Macron a d'abord déclaré cette mort intolérable, puis appelé au calme.

 Finalement, son gouvernement a décidé d'envoyer près de 40.000 agents, déployés depuis à travers le pays, par crainte de nouveaux heurts... 

La ville de Clamart, près de Paris, même a imposé un couvre-feu. 

Des images continuent pourtant de montrer de partout des officiers de police insultant les jeunes des quartiers où ils sont envoyés.

La confrontation, dans des banlieues où les jeunes ne font plus confiance à la police française, où des rapports montrent que celle-ci fait souvent preuve de harcèlement, ne fait qu'enflammer la situation.

Le policier auteur du tir mortel a été mis en examen  pour homicide volontaire et placé en détention provisoire. Selon son avocat, il est dévasté, et a demandé pardon à la famille de Nahel...

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J'ai commencé à poster des liens sur ce blog, tenu en anglais depuis 2010, pour apporter des éléments moins souvent mentionnés dans les médias.

Née à Paris, j'ai grandi à Colombes, à côté de Nanterre, où j'ai passé mon baccalauréat par exemple, où vivait certains de mes copains de lycée, et où se trouve le plus important théâtre public dans notre département par exemple.

Hier, une "marche blanche" a été organisée dans la ville par la famille de Nahel, et des soutiens de diverses associations.




Nanterre est un "hub" important pour l'ouest parisien, très peuplé, également centre de nombreux sièges sociaux de grandes entreprise, proche de La Défense.

J'ai forcément été touchée par la nouvelle de la mort de ce jeune Nahel M, à 17 ans, tué en pleine journée, dans nos rues, près de la Préfecture de Nanterre, par un policier qui le soupçonnait de conduire sans permis...

Depuis, beaucoup de journaux, hommes politiques et autres privilégiés qui ne vont sûrement jamais à Nanterre se sont déchaînés pour qualifier les manifestations qui ont suivi de "coeur du problème".

Pourtant, le problème est clairement qu'un policier français ait tué un jeune homme sans être lui-même menacé.

Ce matin, vendredi 30 Juin 2023, l'ONU a demandé à la France de se pencher "sérieusement" sur les "profonds problèmes de racisme et de discrimination raciale" au sein des forces de l'ordre, trois jours après la mort de cet adolescent tué des mains d'un policier, on le rappeler, censer nous protéger.

La France doit se pencher sur « les profonds problèmes de racisme parmi les forces de l’ordre », et sur les « profonds problèmes de racisme et de discrimination raciale parmi les forces de l’ordre », selon Ravina Shamdasani, porte-parole du Haut-Commissariat des Nations unies aux droits de l’homme lors du point de presse régulier de l’ONU à Genève.

Les sociologues travaillant sur les quartiers pauvres et la police ne cessent aussi de rappeler les différences de traitement, et de noter que le nombre de morts dues à la police en France est nettement supérieur à celui de tous les autres pays d'Europe.


>> Quelques liens en français pour ceux qui veulent en savoir plus : 


La France doit se pencher sur les profonds problèmes de racisme dans les forces de l’ordre, selon l’ONU

«C’est le moment pour le pays de s’attaquer sérieusement aux profonds problèmes de racisme et de discrimination raciale parmi les forces de l’ordre», a déclaré Ravina Shamdasani, porte-parole du Haut-Commissariat des Nations unies aux droits de l’homme, lors du point de presse régulier de l’ONU à Genève (Suisse).


En France et en Allemagne, deux conceptions de la police 

Il existe aussi des cas de violences policières en Allemagne. En revanche, elles débouchent rarement sur des émeutes dans les banlieues.

Ce qui est attendu ou demandé à la police dépend bien sûr aussi de la forme de l'Etat. En Allemagne, par exemple, la dictature du IIIe Reich et celle en Allemagne de l'Est ont aussi marqué les pratiques et les esprits.

Pour Dieter Gosewinkel, historien et juriste à l'Université libre de Berlin (FU), la relation établie entre la police et la population est fondamentale pour limiter le degré de violence policière aussi. 

Pour résumer : plus une police est répressive, plus elle doit faire face à de l'animosité de la part des civils, ce qui l'incite à recourir à la violence. "Si la police – ou la gendarmerie – est attaquée de manière très grave comme je le vois en France, elle se sent légitimée à utiliser des  "armes de guerre", plus violentes, déclare Dieter Gosewinkel. 

"C'est un cercle vicieux, une relation réciproque. En Allemagne, parce que la provocation, le défi, à mon avis, est moins grand, la police peut utiliser des armes moins lourdes. Et c'est aussi à cause de ça que la police allemande est regardée avec moins de peur et moins de haine", précise-t-il.

Andrea Kretschmann, professeure de sociologie de l'Université Leuphana à Lüneburg et chercheuse associée au Centre Marc Bloch, rappelle aussi que l'endroit où l'adolescent est mort, la banlieue de Nanterre près de Paris, n'est pas anodin : 

"Il faut bien voir que la police française est envoyée dans les banlieues comme une sorte de pompiers. Ce sont des endroits où les problèmes sociaux profonds ne sont pas du tout pris en compte alors qu'ils seraient en fait du ressort de la politique", estime Andrea Kretschmann.

Par ailleurs, la chercheuse insiste sur l'importance de la formation des forces de police pour éviter l'escalade de la violence. Or, en France, les policiers sont entraînés, dit-elle, à toujours s'attendre au pire, à ce que "n'importe quelle situation bénigne puisse devenir dangereuse".


Revue du livre de Rachida Brahim, La race tue deux fois. Une histoire des crimes racistes en France (1970-2000)

L’auteure démontre de manière convaincante que la race, le fait de racialiser, de placer toute une catégorie de personnes dans un rapport de pouvoir, comme l’indique le titre du livre, tue deux fois. 

Elle tue une première fois en touchant à l’intégrité physique de la personne victime, et tue une deuxième fois dans le coup psychique porté par le traitement institutionnel qui ignore systématiquement la nature raciste du crime. 

C’est dans cette perspective que l’auteure propose de répondre à deux questions intrinsèquement liées : 

-quels sont les mécanismes qui conduisent certains à la mort ? 

-Du côté de l’État, quels arguments ont été employés pour réfuter la prise en compte du mobile raciste ? 

Selon R. Brahim, la réponse nécessite d’analyser l’appareil judiciaire et législatif français qui, en faisant alterner principes universels et lois particulières, participe à la production et au maintien des catégories raciales. 

Le racisme structurel repose justement sur ce processus contradictoire de racialisation et de déracialisation par le droit.



29/06/2023

Nahel is our George Floyd

 

Nahel is our George Floyd. 

As James Baldwin and other African American writers said, the Algerians are the “niggers” of France. 

We need our #TheseLivesMatter moment. 

The march in Nanterre and elsewhere should be peaceful and a sign of a demand for change.
And first, change in the police.



A shantytown that housed Algerians near Nanterre on the outskirts of Paris 
[Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis via Getty Images]


For more, my article for Al Jazeera on Algerians in France.




For more on this history you can read these articles too:

The colonial roots of French policing cannot be ignored

How Colonialism Shaped Policing in France

France: Police Violence as Part of Colonial History

Or watch 'How will France address police brutality?' On Al Jazeera's YouTube Channel | Inside Story'



"The days of rage, yeah, nothing's changed"

 


"Parisian boys without your names
Ghetto stones instead of chains
Talk 'em down cause it's up in flames
And nothing's changed
Parisian boys without your names
Riot like 1968 again"



Someone in the comments for the video wrote: "This song has become more and more relevant as the years go by..."




From Nanterre with love... and rage



 

Excellent reporting from the Guardian here in Nanterre:


The death of the teenager, who neighbours said was from a family of Algerian origin, triggered a night of rioting and clashes with police on housing estates in several towns outside Paris.

“It’s always the same people, the same ethnicities – that’s what’s bringing everyone out to protest and that’s why the whole world is talking about this,” said Linda, 40, who had dropped her three-year-old daughter at school on Tuesday before witnessing the aftermath of the police shooting, metres from her child’s school.

“If you are slightly of colour, or from an immigrant background, you’ll be judged differently. There are two different justice systems, that is what is not working.” Linda, who is of a mixed race background with an Algerian father, said: “People are very angry and very afraid.”


This quoted lady, Linda, also compares the events to 2005. 


She compared the mood to the urban riots of 2005 when the deaths of two young boys hiding from police in an electricity substation in Clichy-sous-Bois, north of Paris, triggered weeks of unrest on estates across the country. She said: “It’s like 2005, the same type of thing.”


She's right. 

Let's add that the most important Muslim holiday also just started... 

These families was getting ready to celebrate. Instead they fear both the police and potential destructive riots. 

*


I've been doing so much of what I'm doing because of these events. Our public international news channel, France 24, was launched in the aftermath, to bring better coverage of France abroad... 

I live nearby, passed my school exams in Nanterre 25 years ago, am from the same origins as Nael, and couldn't be sadder that nothing improved with French police in all this time...

As journalists, we have a responsibility to help people understand. The last thing we need now here in Nanterre, Colombes, Clichy-sous-Bois... is more police. 


28/06/2023

African news: Ugandans sue TotalEnergies in France, accusing it of human rights violations

Read on RFI English here:

https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20230628-ugandans-sue-totalenergies-in-france-accusing-it-of-human-rights-violations 


ENVIRONMENT

Ugandans sue TotalEnergies in France, accusing it of human rights violations

Twenty-six Ugandans sued French oil giant TotalEnergies in Paris on Tuesday for reparations over alleged human rights violations at its megaprojects across the country.


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Joined by five Ugandan and French aid groups, the Ugandan people from the affected communities say the French energy firm TotalEnergies caused "serious harm", especially to their rights to land and food.

At the heart of their complaint at the Paris court are two vast TotalEnergies developments: the Tilenga exploration of 419 oil wells, one-third of them in Uganda's largest national park Murchison Falls, and EACOP, a 1,500-kilometre (930-mile) pipeline bringing crude oil to the Tanzanian coast through several protected nature reserves.

 

The activists say that more than 118,000 people have had their land wholly or partially expropriated because of the two TotalEnergies projects, including through sales allegedly agreed under intimidation.

One of the activists, Maxwell Athura, told at their Paris press conference on Tuesday that he had faced "threats and intrusions at his home" from the group, and was "arbitrarily arrested twice in 2022".

Friends of the Earth France spokeswoman Juliette Renaud said: "What we're asking of the tribunal is to recognise Total's civil responsibility and sentence the company to compensate the people affected by violations."

Member of staff at TotalEnergies in Uganda © Charlotte Cosset, RFI

A company spokeswoman explained that "TotalEnergies welcomes a debate on the facts in court."

She added that the company "believes its plan for surveillance (of possible rights violations) is in line with legal requirements" and "implemented effectively" by its subsidiaries in Tanzania and Uganda.

Major rights' violations

On the ground, people affected by the work "have been deprived of free use of their land for three or four years, in violation of their property rights", the French and Ugandan associations said in a statement.

This "deprived them of their means of subsistence" and led to "serious food shortages" for some families," the statement added.

Some received in-kind compensation, while others were offered financial terms "far short" of what was needed.

Other villages suffered flooding caused by construction at the Tilenga project's oil treatment plant, the associations alleged.

Additionally, "several plaintiffs suffered threats, harassment and arrest simply for daring to criticise oil projects in Uganda and Tanzania and defend the rights of affected communities," they added.

Two of these activists, Jelousy Mugisha and Fred Mwesigwa, already travelled to France in 2019 to require that Total should watch out for potential rights violations.

"When they returned to Uganda one was arrested at the airport and the other attacked at his home 10 days later," the NGOs said.

"By falling short in its duty of vigilance, Total caused serious harm to the plaintiffs, especially to their rights to land and food. They are therefore requesting the company be ordered to compensate them," the statement continued.

International protests

At the same time, on Tuesday, climate protesters from Stop The Oil targeted the oil company UK headquarters in London.

EACOP was also the target of the campaigners, who sprayed orange and black paint on the facade and lobby of TotalEnergies' UK headquarters in the Canary Wharf financial district.

British Police said 27 people were arrested in the demonstration by the Just Stop Oil group against both the pipeline's effect on local communities and its projected greenhouse emissions of 379 million tonnes of carbon.

TotalEnergies responded in a statement that it "fully respects the right to demonstrate and freedom of expression, but deplores all forms of violence, whether verbal, physical or material".

 

 (With newswires) 

France: New far-right editor plunges French weekly 'JDD' into crisis

Paris, 28 June 2023

 

French weekly 'Journal du Dimanche' (JDD) is in turmoil after the shock appointment of far-right Geoffroy Lejeune as the new editor.





"Everyone is in shock, stunned," one journalist at the JDD newspaper told AFP on condition of anonymity.

Geoffroy Lejeune was unveiled last week as the new editor of the influential weekly newspaper, the only national Sunday paper with sales of around 140,000 copies.

The 34-year-old news editor's rise to prominence underlines the rightwards shift of the country's media and politics.

He is close to several senior far-right political figures, and, according to the statement from the paper's union of journalists, he "expresses ideas that are the opposite of the values that the JDD has carried over the last 75 years."

News of his nomination came last week, from owner Lagardere group, which was recently acquired by conservative billionaire Vincent Bollore.

It immediately prompted a mass walkout from staff which has paralysed the paper and its website.

Lejeune's nomination was also described as a "provocation and the demonstration that the far-right is now installing itself calmly in the media" by eight former editors of the newspaper.


General concern among political leaders and media


The media freedom group Reporters without Borders (RSF) expressed concern about Lejeune being handed such an important media platform.

The group organised a special meeting on Tuesday evening at the Théâtre libre in central Paris, with many personalities from the media and politics. 



Politicians on the left as well as France's Culture Minister Rima Abdul-Malak joined the statement.

"Legally speaking, the JDD can become what it wants, as long as it respects the law," Abdul-Malak wrote on Twitter on Sunday. "But for our republic's values, how can you not be alarmed?"

Bollore, a conservative Catholic from northwest France, he has been gradually expanding his empire to take in TV channels, the magazine Paris Match, radio station Europe 1 and lately the JDD.

He turned the channel CNews into a conservative platform dubbed "France's Fox News" by critics.

"Bollore is a specialist in taking an axe to media that he buys," Christophe Deloire, secretary general of RSF, also wrote on Twitter.

RSF published a report his constant attacks against free press in 2021.


A career marred by anti-Semitic and racist headlines


Geoffroy Lejeune was until recently editor of the far-right weekly magazine Valeurs Actuelles, helping to raise its profile through provocative headlines and caustic attacks on the country's politicians and intellectuals.

Immigration, crime, alleged left-wing media bias, "woke" teachers, "anti-white" ethnic minorities, as well as the spread of Islamism were common subjects covered by Valeurs Actuelles under Lejeune.

"Save white heterosexual 50-year-old men," read one of his last front-page headlines in May.

In 2019, the publication was criticised by around 400 academics in a joint letter after a vicious and highly personal diatribe against Benjamin Stora, a renowned Jewish historian of French colonial history, who viewed the article as anti-Semitic.

The magazine has also repeatedly targeted Jewish financier George Soros, calling him the "billionaire plotting against France" in a 2018 frontpage headline.

In 2021, the publication was found guilty of racist hate speech after it published a fictional story and cartoons depicting one of the country's most prominent black MPs as a nude slave in chains and an iron collar.

Lejeune also endorsed far-right media commentator Eric Zemmour during his campaign for the presidency last year.

He is a close friend of Marion Marechal, the niece of far-right founder Jean-Marie Le Pen.

 (with AFP) 

27/06/2023

Senegal remains tensed as President Sall's dialogue comes to an end

 

26 June 2023  

 

 

The national dialogue led by Macky Sall came to an end last weekend. Most of the opposition boycotted the talks and still wants him to abandon any plans to run for a third mandate.  

 




The President promised to speak publicly to the Senegalese people after the Muslim holiday of Eid, by the end of the month.   

"I will respond because now is the time to respond," Macky Sall told the participants of the national dialogue, closed on Saturday (24 June), "but not today," he added. "I will give a speech to the nation. I will bring my answer.” 

The Senegalese President didn't give a precise date, but said it would be after the most important holiday of the year, the Muslim day of Eid al-Adha, which falls on 29 June this year.  

From peace to violence

Violent protests erupted in this usually peaceful West African country after the popular opposition leader Ousmane Sonko was arrested in late May.  

Sonko was judged in a rape affairs then sentenced to two years in prison for “corrupting the youth” on June 1st.  

An opposition coalition has also been calling for Sonko's release in Senegal since the verdict, and renewed their demand on Sunday, with no luck so far. 

Sonko's future remains still unclear for now, but it seems very likely that he won't be able to run in the 2024 presidential election. 

While President Macky Sall is coming at the end of his second mandate, rumours have been circulating around his will to run for a third term. 

The move is judged by unconstitutional by the Senegalese, as the constitution was recently changed to limit each president to two mandates. 

But for his supporters, the change should only apply to the successors of Sall. 

This uncertainty has mounted more tension in the country, where the opposition supporters accuse the President of willing to cling to power.  

Three weeks ago, Sall's former ally and declared presidential candidate Idrissa Seck called him to clarify his position to help to bring back peace. 

Many analysts have underlined that Sall's silence is exacerbating tensions in Senegal.  

"Crimes against humanity"? 

Meanwhile, Macky Sall was in Paris on Thursday and Friday last week for the global climate finance summit called by French President Emmanuel Macron. 

On this occasion, on Thursday Sonko's lawyer, Juan Branco filed a criminal complaint against Sall with the Paris tribunal's crimes against humanity unit. 

Sonko alleged that the deadly clashes following his sentencing to jail this month are the latest step in "a generalised and systematic attack on the civilian population" of Senegal, according to his lawyer. 

Senegal's foreign minister on Friday slammed as "childish and ridiculous" the lawsuit filed against President Macky Sall. 

Sonko's case also targeted the Senegalese Interior Minister Antoine Diome, military police chief Moussa Fall and 112 others. 

He's been blaming the government for the violence in his region, Casamance, and in Dakar, since his arrest. 

The Senegalese opposition leader has also filed a separate complaint with the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague. 

 

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Read my previous pieces for RFI English:



26/06/2023

Malians voted for their next constitution: What's next?

 


MALI REFERENDUM

'Yes' to junta's constitution in Mali opens way for 2024 elections

Malian voters overwhelmingly approved changes to the constitution in a referendum held on 18 June, but the low turn-out and absence of participation of the Tuareg rebels in the North are among the many remaining challenges, along with major security issues.





Mali's electoral authority said that 97 percent of the referendum votes were cast in favour of the changes.

Voter turnout was put at 39.4 percent in the landlocked Sahel country, but according to experts it could be as low as 13 percent.

While the election was held on 18 June, the results were only announced on Friday evening.

Voting was marred by incidents and irregularities, according to observers and opponents of the reforms.

Reports show that the vote was near to impossible in the Northern region of Kidal. 

Influential religious figures, including prominent imam Mahmoud Dicko, also complained that the new constitution retained a clause defining Mali as a secular state.

Reinforced presidential role

The junta leader, Colonel Assimi Goita, has made the draft constitution a cornerstone for the rebuilding of Mali, a key step in the ruling junta's declared plans to restore civilian rule.

The vote was the first organised in the western African country since the military seized power in August 2020 in a coup; overthrowing Mali's last elected president, Ibrahim Boubacar Keita.

The new constitution will strengthen the role of the president.

Opponents of the plan believe the vote was designed to keep the colonels in power beyond the presidential election scheduled for February 2024.

Most of Malian political analysts say they expect the junta leader to run for the job.

"To me, this referendum is a fiasco", one analyst told RFI. "Most people didn't bother to go voting, or simply could not. And the junta is obsessed with power and they just want to bring a fake legality to their electoral process."

Like many Malian analysts, he wished to remain anonymous, fearing the junta's backlash.

Major security concerns

Mali has been struggling with an 11-year-old jihadist insurgency, and is facing a deep, multi-faceted crisis

The insurgency then spread to the whole Sahel region, in Niger, Burkina Faso, western Niger and even, more recently, to the north of Côte d'Ivoire.

The referendum results come as Mali and the United Nations prepare to discuss the future of the UN's decade-long peacekeeping mission in Mali, MINUSMA, on 29 June.

Two days before the vote, the junta called on the UN Security Council to pull out the 15,000-man MINUSMA force immediately.

According to them, the mission had failed in its task of providing security. MINUSMA's mandate expires on 30 June.

The UN and the United States have expressed deep concerns about this decision.

The ruling military has also fallen out with France, Mali's former colonial ruler, which provided peacekeeping troops for decades but has since withdrawn them.

Meanwhile, the junta has deepened ties with Russia and brought in Russian paramilitaries from the infamous Wagner group.


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24/06/2023

Latest on Sudan

 


Fighting has escalated in the Sudanese capital Khartoum following the end of a three-day ceasefire, with witnesses reporting heavy clashes between rival military factions in several areas.






Shortly before the truce ended at 6am local time on Wednesday, fighting was reported in all three of the cities that make up the wider capital around the confluence of the Nile: Khartoum, Bahri and Omdurman.

Sudan's army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) have been battling each other for more than two months.

Witnesses said army aircraft carried out airstrikes in Bahri. The RSF responded with anti-aircraft fire. Smoke could be seen rising from the industrial area.

Witnesses also reported artillery fire and heavy clashes in Omdurman and ground fighting in southern Khartoum.

The RSF also attacked a separate army camp in another part of the city on Wednesday, witnesses said.

In Nyala, one of Sudan's largest cities and the capital of South Darfur, the army and the RSF clashed in the centre and northern districts of the city for the second day after a period of calm, said one local activist, amid a power blackout.

Attacks on foreign embassies

Looting have also occurred during attacks of foreign diplomatic missions. Algeria is the latest country to protest.

On Wednesday, the Algerian foreign ministry said its ambassador's residence in the capital, Khartoum, was “stormed and ransacked” the day before.

Mauritania's and Zimbabwe's embassy were also attacked.

Harare condemned attacks on its embassy and on its ambassador’s residence in Khartoum: the Zimbabwean foreign ministry spokesperson, Livit Mugejo, accusing the RSF fighters of being responsible.

"We have reports that most of the countries' properties were also targeted. It's sheer criminality, to take advantage of the war to loot properties of our diplomats and our embassy there," Mugejo said.

Tenth week of violent fighting

The conflict erupted amid disputes over internationally backed plans for a transition away from military rule following a coup in 2021 and four years after long-ruling autocrat Omar al-Bashir was ousted during a popular uprising.

The fighting has wrought destruction on the capital and triggering widespread violence in the western region of Darfur.

Attacks by militias linked to the RSF in the western city of El Geneina have been described by local and foreign observers as ethnic cleansing. 

Residents also reported clashes near the army headquarters in the city of Dalanj in South Kordofan, where the SPLM-N led by Abdelaziz al-Hilu, a large rebel force that is not clearly aligned with either of the factions, has been mobilising.

More than 2.5 million people to flee their homes. And half of the country is in need for urgent aid.

Impossible dialogue

The ceasefire was the latest of several truce deals brokered by Sudan's allies, Saudi Arabia and the United States, at talks in Jeddah.

As with previous ones, there were reports of violations by both sides.

Late on Tuesday, also both factions blamed the other for a large fire at the intelligence headquarters, which is housed in a defence compound in central Khartoum that has been fought over since the fighting erupted on 15 April.

Saudi Arabia and the U.S. are considering adjourning the Jeddah talks, judged by many as ineffective.

For Sudan expert Christopher Tounsel, director of the African Studies Program at the University of Washington, both army general Abdel Fattah al-Burhan – and his rival / former deputy Mohamed Hamdan Daglo remain unwilling to open any dialogue.

 (with newswires)

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